Economic sanctions are frequently marketed as a peaceful alternative to armed conflict. Professor Robert Pape challenges this view, arguing that such measures can function as an escalation trap rather than a solution. He…



Robert Anthony Pape is an American political scientist whose research on air power and suicide terrorism has reshaped security policy debates.
Economic sanctions are frequently marketed as a peaceful alternative to armed conflict. Professor Robert Pape challenges this view, arguing that such measures can function as an escalation trap rather than a solution. He…
Prof. Robert Pape thinks the repeated Trump walk-backs on Iran aren't about avoiding war. They're a sign Washington is stuck. The choice is between letting Iran keep gaining leverage over the Strait of Hormuz or starting…