Economic sanctions are frequently marketed as a peaceful alternative to armed conflict. Professor Robert Pape challenges this view, arguing that such measures can function as an escalation trap rather than a solution. He…



Michael Bay's 2001 epic Pearl Harbor reimagines the Japanese attack on December 7, 1941, through a personal lens.
Economic sanctions are frequently marketed as a peaceful alternative to armed conflict. Professor Robert Pape challenges this view, arguing that such measures can function as an escalation trap rather than a solution. He…