Eni

On February 10, 1953, the Italian government established Ente Nazionale Idrocarburi to manage the nation's natural resources after World War II. Enrico Mattei led this new entity as its chairman until his death in 1962, championing the "Mattei Plan" to negotiate directly with sovereign nations and challenge the dominance of the Western oil giants known as the Seven Sisters.

Today Eni operates from headquarters in Rome and San Donato Milanese as a publicly traded company with a market capitalization of approximately €48 billion as of late 2025. The corporation manages a vast global footprint that spans exploration, production, refining, chemicals, and increasingly renewable energy solutions through its corporate venture arm Eni Next.

Recent strategic moves highlight the company's aggressive expansion plans. On September 2, 2026, Eni signed major pacts with Chevron to lift Venezuelan oil output above 1 million barrels per day while simultaneously securing operatorship of a massive 35-billion-barrel field. Just days later on August 31, 2026, the firm took over offshore exploration blocks OFF-5 and entered block OFF-6 in Uruguay. [edit]